Optimal decarbonisation pathways for the lime industry

Optimal decarbonisation pathways—those that achieve the lowest specific total cost—have been identified for the lime sector under various energy market conditions. The results are visualized in the parallel coordinate plot below, illustrating the solution space of economic optimality for each lime production route.

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Users can customize the analysis by selecting:

• Energy price ranges for electricity, hydrogen, natural gas (NG), biomethane (Bio-CH₄), biomass, CO₂ (EU ETS price), and CO₂ Transport & Storage (T&S)

• Preferred heat supply energy carrier:

  • Electricity (i.e., plasma heating)

  • Hydrogen

  • Biomass

  • Biomethane

  • Natural Gas

• Carbon capture technology option:

  • No Capture

  • MEA-based capture (for air-fired kilns)

  • CPU-based capture (for oxy-fired and electric kilns)

For each lime production route, the associated total energy demand (GJ per ton of lime, including both heat and electricity demand) and direct CO₂ emissions (tCO₂ per ton of lime) are also displayed.